Time (or scale) Akin to effective organic ad operations, effective ad fraud operations also require a diverse array of residential IP addresses… or proxies.Unique residential IP addresses for ad event beaconing.Computation assets for ad event rendering.A vibrant organic ad operation also requires three key ingredients: A vibrant fire requires three key ingredients: oxygen, fuel, and ignition. Think of ad operations (and ad fraud operations) as you would a fire. THE VALUE OF UNIQUE AND DIVERSE IP ADDRESSES According to Trend Micro, the majority use case for donated residential IP addresses may likely have pertained to ad fraud. HolaVPN users donate their IPs to a pool of addresses assuming that they will obtain another address from the shared pool. HolaVPN carries a reputation of being a community-based IP share system. Both networks offered residential IP addresses for rent, and their methods for IP acquisition bordered on legal to illicit. This opens up IP donors to potential liability for illicit traffic that flows through their respective networks.įor those familiar with residential IP proxy networks, Oko VPN may bring to recollection HolaVPN and VIP72 (Bunitu). Technically, any TCP or UDP traffic may be relayed through donated IPs. Oko VPN users also put themselves at risk of relaying email traffic. Oko VPN’s operators use donated IPs to make server-based fraudulent ad traffic appear to originate from real human users behind residential IPs. Users who download Oko VPN unwittingly donate their residential IP addresses for use by the app’s operators. While you are disguising your identity and traffic through Oko VPN’s server IPs, Oko VPN is disguising its ad traffic through your IP. Unbeknownst to its users, the app contains malicious code that turns a user’s phone into a relay for fraudulent traffic. Oko VPN’s free service comes with a hidden cost. Oko VPN’s user base is predominantly in the United States, Germany, and Russia. Available for download since July 2022, Oko has experienced exponential growth, with half a million users in late November 2022 and over a million at the time of its takedown in March 2023. Oko VPN app, a free-to-download, free-to-use app available on multiple app stores including Google Play, allows users to disguise their IP addresses to servers across the world. The estimated waste to advertiser spend is $2M per month in fraudulent video ad inventory. Integral Ad Science (IAS) identified a malicious app that surreptitiously converts users’ mobile devices into proxies for ad fraud.
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